Canadense

Po, sempre dava meio cookie pra minha velha... ela capota...

eu recomendo alugar um ape...

http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-states-consider-standardizing-marijuana-rules-a-901717.html Know Your Limit: Germany Seeks Uniform Law on Marijuana In Berlin, you can carry 15 grams of marijuana. In Munich? Just six. To ease any confusion, German states are now trying to hash out possession regulations that would apply across the country. How much marijuana can a person carry without being arrested in Germany? It depends on where you are.Zoom DPA How much marijuana can a person carry without being arrested in Germany? It depends on where you are. The laws regarding cannabis possession in Germany are nothing if not confusing. It is illegal to possess or consume marijuana. Except that carrying a small amount for personal use has no criminal repercussions. But how much is okay? That depends on where you are. Each state has a different rule. ANZEIGE That, though, may soon change. Ralf Jäger, interior minister of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, said on Thursday that the 16 German states are now seeking to establish a single limit valid across the country. "We are prompting the ministers of justice to push for harmonization efforts, so that the legal status no longer varies from state to state," Jäger told the Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung at a conference of state interior ministers in Hanover this week. Such a uniform ruling would come as a relief to many. Currently, people in the city-state of Berlin are allowed to carry 15 grams of cannabis, but just across the border in Brandenburg, the limit is just six grams, as it is for many other states. Still others have set the limit at 10 grams, roughly equivalent to a handful of marijuana. Up or Down? How exactly this standardization may ultimately play out remains to be seen. In November, Lower Saxony's justice minister at the time, Bernd Busemann of Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union, pushed to lower the limit to six grams throughout the country, a proposal that would likely encounter resistance in Berlin. Germany's Constitutional Court, the country's highest, asked the states to come up with standardized limits as far back as 1994, but nothing ever came of the demand. The new attempt, though, is notable for where support has come from. Oliver Malchow, president of one of two unions representing German police officers, backs the effort. "If you move from Berlin to Munich, you'll be punished in one city and not in the other," he told the Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung. That, he said, makes little sense to the general population. Arguments from Opposite Ends The debate surrounding cannabis in Germany has given rise to many different voices. Germany's Green Party is in favor of legalization as is the Pirate Party. The Social Democrats are in favor of allowing it for medical reasons. Christian Democrat Busemann on the other hand, who has since become the president of North Rhine-Westphalia's parliament, has pointed to dangerous cognitive and psychological effects of marijuana consumption according to the newsmagazine Focus. Last fall he insisted that raising the legal limit to 10 grams across Germany was out of the question for him. North Rhine-Westphalia's current justice minister, Thomas Kutschaty (SPD), on the other hand, pushes a slightly more liberal agenda, supporting moderate penalties for first-time drug offenders. While he insisted he did not want to trivialize drug consumption, he believes measures other than strict punishment to be more effective. "We need to break the cycle of drug addiction and crime as soon as possible," he said. "A criminal conviction does nothing to help in this regard." ska

http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/23/health/time-marijuana-diabetes/index.html?sr=fb052413marijuanadiabetes1230p (TIME.com) -- Toking up may help marijuana users to stay slim and lower their risk of developing diabetes, according to the latest study, which suggests that cannabis compounds may help in controlling blood sugar. Although marijuana has a well-deserved reputation for increasing appetite via what stoners call "the munchies," the new research, which was published in the American Journal of Medicine, is not the first to find that the drug has a two-faced relationship to weight. Three prior studies have shown that marijuana users are less likely to be obese, have a lower risk for diabetes and have lower body-mass-index measurements. And these trends occurred despite the fact that they seemed to take in more calories. Why? "The most important finding is that current users of marijuana appeared to have better carbohydrate metabolism than nonusers," says Murray Mittleman, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and the lead author of the study. "Their fasting insulin levels were lower, and they appeared to be less resistant to the insulin produced by their body to maintain a normal blood-sugar level." Medical marijuana for a 7-year-old? Marijuana delivery: 45 minutes or less Boy given pot to manage autism The research included over 4,600 men and women participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2010. Among them, 48% had smoked marijuana at least once in their lives, and 12% were current cannabis smokers. The authors controlled for other factors like age, sex, income, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and physical activity that could also affect diabetes risk. Even after these adjustments, the current marijuana users showed fasting insulin levels that were 16% lower than those of former or never users, along with a 17% reduction in another measure of insulin resistance as well. Higher levels on both tests are associated with Type II diabetes, which is linked with obesity. Marijuana users also had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein, the so-called good cholesterol, which can protect against heart disease. And the regular smokers also boasted smaller waistlines: on average, they were 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) slimmer than the former users and those who had never smoked cannabis. Researchers don't yet know how to explain these correlations -- and since the study was not a controlled trial, it's not clear whether marijuana or some other factor in marijuana users' lifestyles actually accounted for the beneficial effects. Studies showed, however, that the cannabinoid brain receptors affected by marijuana are deeply involved in appetite and metabolism. But the exact details of how the compound alters the relationship between appetite, caloric intake and insulin response isn't obvious yet. One clue, however, may lie in the effects of a diet drug that was developed to have the opposite effect that marijuana has on the brain. That drug, rimonabant, produced significant weight loss and a drop in fasting insulin levels by affecting certain cannabinoid receptors in the exact opposite way that THC, marijuana's main psychoactive ingredient, does. This action is complex: rimonabant doesn't simply block the receptor and keep the natural cannabinoids from activating it. Instead, while the natural cannabinoids elevate the normal level of activity already going on in the system, rimonabant lowers it so the result is precisely the reverse of activating the receptor naturally. However, because of psychiatric side effects like increasing suicide risk, rimonabant was pulled from the European market and never approved in the United States. TIME.com: Reverse engineering the marijuana 'munchies:' What causes binge eating? How could both marijuana and a compound that has the opposite effect of pot act on the same brain receptors and lead to weight loss? Natural marijuana includes many different potentially active compounds, and one of them -- rather than THC -- could be responsible for this effect. One potential candidate is a substance called cannabidiol, which also affects cannabinoid receptors, but in a different way from the way THC or rimonabant does. Another possibility involves tolerance: repeated use of a drug can make receptors less sensitive over time. "The most likely explanation is that prolonged cannabis use causes the (receptors) to lose sensitivity and become inactive," says Daniele Piomelli, a professor of pharmacology at the University of California, Irvine, who was not associated with the new research. "This has been shown to happen in people who smoke marijuana. This weakening of (these receptors) translates into a lower risk for obesity and diabetes because the inactive receptor would be unable to respond to our own cannabis-like molecules, which we know are important in keeping us chubby." While marijuana may initially promote appetite and overeating, in the long run it has the opposite effect because it desensitizes cannabinoid receptors and may even protect against obesity. So don't skip the gym and break out the bong just yet: there's still not enough data to tell whether marijuana, like alcohol, could have health benefits in moderation. Mittleman says the study relied on self-reported use of marijuana, which can be unreliable. However, he points out that since people are more likely to hide drug use than they are to falsely claim it, the findings could even underestimate marijuana's effects. TIME.com: Marijuana slims? Why pot smokers are less obese But whether that's true, and whether marijuana might be a window into understanding how to best control glucose and insulin to prevent diabetes, isn't known yet. "It is much too early to say," says Mittleman. "We need much more research to better understand the biologic responses to marijuana use. We really need more research to allow physicians and patients to make decisions based on solid evidence." An editorial that accompanied the study also urged government action to reduce barriers to such research. Even with 18 states now approving marijuana for medical uses, the politics of pot will always overshadow research efforts to understand how cannabinoids work in the brain -- or affect disease. But, as Piomelli says, "the (new) study suggests that smoking marijuana (may) protect people against obesity and diabetes." And following up on that finding could yield new insights into how to tackle one of our biggest public-health issues.

Tray of supplied items, at the supervised injection site, Insite on Vancouver's Downtown Eastside A report out Thursday calls on Canada to decriminalize personal use of all narcotics and regulate cannabis, saying current policies are failing to reduce drug use or make Canadians safer. The Canadian Drug Policy Coalition says treating drug use as a health problem, rather than a criminal one, would meet many of the objectives prohibitions has historically failed to accomplish. “We’re doing this to improve public health and safety, not create a free-for-all. What we have now is a free-for-all,” said executive director Donald MacPherson, who co-authored the report. MacPherson stressed the coalition, made up of 30 non-governmental organizations and based at Simon Fraser University, doesn’t make the case that drug use is harmless. However, MacPherson said treating drug possession and consumption as a criminal matter stigmatizes users and creates a barrier to them seeking help. “This is a pragmatic response to an activity that’s already taking place ... and we’re saying criminalization is making it worse,” he said. Decriminalizing use of all drugs is a controversial recommendation in North America, where Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s Conservative government has been in lockstep with the U.S. federal government against any incremental moves toward easing drug laws. Liberal governments under former prime ministers Jean Chretien and Paul Martin were moving toward decriminalizing marijuana, but the lection of Harper’s Conservatives in 2006 put an end to that. However, there are signs attitudes are shifting in the U.S. Last year, voters in Colorado and Washington passed ballot measures decriminalizing personal use of marijuana in their states. Public opinion in Canada is also turning in favour of decriminalizing cannabis, said MacPherson, whose report goes a step further to recommend regulating and taxing it. Pointing toward tobacco as an example, MacPherson said regulation could decrease cannabis use and do more to keep it out of the hands of young people. “It would allow us to have a full discussion of the benefits, the harms the messaging we want to put out there with youth and underage users,” he said. A 2012 study done by researchers in B.C. estimated the value of the province’s recreational marijuana market at more than $350 million — a lucrative commodity the government could reap tax revenue from if it was regulated, MacPherson said. Instead, the report said the federal government has set aside $528 million between 2012 and 2017 for its National Anti-Drug plan, with most of that money going toward law enforcement. The coalition says Canada’s approach is out of step with an increasing number of countries that are decriminalizing drugs and seeing benefits — including Portugal, which decriminalized all illicit drugs in 2001. “In Portugal decriminalization has had the effect of decreasing the numbers of people injecting drugs, decreasing the number of people using drugs problematically, and decreasing trends of drug use among 15 to 24 year olds,” the coalition’s 112-page report says. The Portuguese findings were republished from a 2011 study by British researchers, who said the role of decriminalization in Portugal’s decreases is debatable. “But the evidence appears clear that decriminalization has not been the disaster critics had said it would be,” wrote Ari Rosmarin and Niamh Eastwood, co-authors of the U.K. study. The British researchers, who compared drug policies around the world, also said decriminalization isn’t a cure-all but it’s preferable to prohibition. “What emerges is that the harms of criminalization far outweigh those of decriminalization,” they wrote. http://www.calgaryherald.com/health/Report+calls+decriminalizing+both+hard+soft+drugs/8424013/story.html

meth vem de N-methylamphetamine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine MDMA é 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA ou seja, quem ja tomou bala conhece os efeitos de anfetaminas...

http://www.google.ca/search?q=Report+calls+for+decriminalizing+both+%E2%80%98hard%E2%80%99+and+%E2%80%98soft%E2%80%99+drugs+++Coalition+of+drug+policy+experts+denounces+Ottawa%E2%80%99s+aggressive+war+on+drugs&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a Report calls for decriminalizing both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ drugs Coalition of drug policy experts denounces Ottawa’s aggressive war on drugs OTTAWA — The personal use of illegal drugs, including heroin and crack cocaine, should be decriminalized as part of a federal-provincial strategy to tackle drug abuse, a B.C.-based national coalition of drug policy experts argue. In a report to be released Thursday, the coalition denounces the Harper government’s aggressive war on drugs, which puts the emphasis on law enforcement while steering money away from harm-reduction initiatives like Vancouver’s supervised injection site. “While countries all around the world are adopting forward-thinking, evidence-based drug policies, Canada is taking a step backwards and strengthening punitive policies that have been proven to fail,” states a summary of the 112-page report from the Canadian Drug Policy Coalition, which is based at Simon Fraser University’s Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction. The “stunning display of unimaginative thinking” has failed to decrease the flow of drugs into Canada while hampering efforts to deal with drug-related health problems. “Despite Canada’s significant investment in drug control efforts, drugs are cheaper and more available than ever,” the report notes. Among the recommendations is a call to legalize, regulate and tax the sale of marijuana to adults, taking advantage of an underground business that generates an estimated $357 million in annual sales in B.C. alone, according to the authors. By far the most controversial recommendation calls for the end to prohibition of not only “soft” drugs like marijuana, but products like heroin, cocaine and methamphetamines. The report notes that at least 25 jurisdictions in the world have moved to decriminalize at least some drugs, with Portugal (in 2001) and the Czech Republic (in 2010) ending criminal bans for all drugs. “After decriminalization and similar to Portugal, drug use (among Czechs) has not increased significantly but the social harms of drug use have declined,” the report stated. “In Portugal, decriminalization has had the effect of decreasing the numbers of people injecting drugs, decreasing the number of people using drugs problematically, and decreasing trends of drug use among 15 to 24 year olds.” The coalition lists as its “partners” more than 70 organizations, including the B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, the Central Alberta AIDS Network Society, the Canadian Cancer Survivor Network, and the Canadian Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. Its report is harshly critical of the federal government’s anti-drug and tough-on-crime policies introduced since Stephen Harper became prime minister in 2006, including minimum mandatory sentences for certain drug offences. Among the targets is the five-year National Anti-Drug Strategy, which was renewed for another five years in 2012 at a cost of $528 million. The program devotes most of its money (roughly 70 per cent) to law enforcement, according to the report. It also goes after the Canadian Forces’ substantial investment in counter-narcotics missions in the Caribbean Sea and the eastern Pacific, involving warships and aircraft operating with U.S. forces. It complains about the lack of support of, and in the case of the Vancouver supervised injection site aggressive opposition to, “harm-reduction” programs like needle exchanges that “save lives and protect everyone’s health,” according to the Newfoundland AIDS Committee. The Harper government has never flinched from its strong support for get-tough measures against drug offences, often sneering at academic studies suggesting that its measures, while popular among many Conservative party supporters, had debatable or even counterproductive results. In 2007, for instance, then-health minister Tony Clement declared that the “party’s over” while speaking of his party’s contempt for the former Liberal government’s approach to illicit drug use. The coalition report cites 2011 Health Canada statistics indicating that B.C. has the highest percentage of people who have used marijuana at least once in their lives, with the B.C. rate of 44.3 per cent well above the national average of 39.4 per cent. Health Canada said 12.1 per cent of British Columbians said they smoked pot over the past year, second to Nova Scotia’s 12.4 per cent and well above the national average of 9.1 per cent.

eu hein... cannabis cup da high times e cheio de americano cueca.... to fora...

Os governos europeus ea administração Obama estão este fim de semana estudando um relatório "gamechanging" sobre a política de drogas global que está sendo visto por alguns como o início do fim para a proibição geral. Publicação da Organização dos Estados Americanos revisão (OEA), encomendado em Cúpula de Cartagena das Américas do ano passado com a presença de Barack Obama, reflete a crescente insatisfação entre os países latino-americanos com a política global atual sobre drogas ilícitas. Expõe os efeitos da política em muitos países e examina o que o tráfico de drogas global parecem se o status quo continua. Ele observa quão rapidamente unilaterais políticas de drogas dos países estão evoluindo, e, ao mesmo tempo, há um consenso crescente sobre os custos humanos do comércio. "Crescer a atenção da mídia em relação a este fenômeno em muitos países, inclusive em mídias sociais, reflete um mundo em que há muito mais consciência da violência e do sofrimento associado com o problema das drogas", José Miguel Insulza, secretário-geral da OEA, diz no prefácio à revisão. "Nós também desfrutar de uma melhor compreensão dos custos humanos e sociais não só do uso de drogas, mas também da produção e trânsito de substâncias controladas." Insulza descreve o relatório, que examina uma série de maneiras para reformar a atual posição pró-proibição, como o início de "uma discussão muito aguardada", que os especialistas dizem que coloca a Europa e América do Norte em aviso de que a situação vai mudar, com ou sem eles. Os líderes latino-americanos se queixaram amargamente que os países ocidentais, cujos cidadãos consomem as drogas, deixar de apreciar o dano do comércio. Em um cenário previsto no relatório, uma série de países sul-americanos seria romper com a linha de proibição e decidir que não vai mais implantar a aplicação da lei e do exército contra os cartéis de drogas, tendo concluído que os custos humanos da "guerra às drogas" é demasiado elevada. A responsabilidade do oeste para reformular a política de drogas global será enfatizado em três semanas, quando Juan Manuel Santos Calderón, o presidente da Colômbia, que iniciou a revisão, chega na Grã-Bretanha. Sua visita é parte de um programa para impulsionar mudanças na política global que levará até uma assembléia geral especial da ONU em 2016, quando os cenários da OEA devem ter uma influência significativa. Especialistas descreveu a publicação da revisão como um momento histórico. "Este relatório representa a discussão mais alto nível sobre a reforma da política de drogas já realizada, e mostra uma enorme liderança da América Latina no debate global", disse Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch, diretor do Programa de Política de Drogas Global da Fundação Open Society, que descreveu sua publicação como um "divisor de águas". "Foi particularmente importante ouvir o presidente Santos convidar os Estados da Europa contribuir para vislumbrar uma melhor política internacional de drogas. Estes relatórios inspirar uma conversa sobre a política de drogas que tem sido há muito tempo." O relatório representa a primeira vez que uma agência multilateral significativa traçou alternativas sérias para a proibição, incluindo a regulamentação do mercado legal ou reforma das convenções de drogas da ONU. "Enquanto os líderes falaram sobre a movimentação de criminalização para a saúde pública na política de drogas, punitivo, abstinência abordagens ainda têm predominado, mesmo na esfera da saúde", disse Daniel Wolfe, diretor do Programa de Redução de Danos Internacional do Open Society Foundation. "Esses cenários oferecem uma oportunidade para os líderes para substituir indiscriminado detenção e violações dos direitos com abordagens que distinguem entre usuários e traficantes, e oferecer os serviços de saúde de base comunitária que funcionam melhor para aqueles que precisam." Em um comunicado, a Comissão Global sobre Política de Drogas, que faz campanha por mudanças nas leis de drogas e é apoiada pelos ex-presidentes de vários países da América do Sul, disse que a publicação da revisão iria quebrar "o tabu que bloqueou por muito tempo o debate sobre a política de drogas mais humana e eficiente ". A Comissão disse que era "tempo em que os governos de todo o mundo podem experimentar de forma responsável com modelos de regulação que são adaptados às suas realidades e necessidades locais". ■ A carta aberta da Comissão Global sobre Política de Drogas é assinado por George P Shultz, ex-secretário de Estado dos EUA, Paul Volcker, ex-presidente da Reserva Federal dos EUA, e os ex-presidentes do México, Chile e Colômbia

cara, ODEIO correr... mas eu e meu ferrinho andamos os 4 canto da cidade...

maluko a bancada evangelica acha que o mundo tem 6000 anos... eles nao tao apto pra achar bosta nenhuma...

a legalizaao do aborto no brasil seria o primeiro passo.... Freakanomics e fudido...

... acho que a galera esquece que o crack comecou por esses lados aqui... essa crise de crack que ta ai ocorreu aqui nos anos 90... educacao e infraestrutura e o que tira o povo da lama...

NeoCon reliquia... foi eleito prometendo a lua para os imigrantes conservadores asiaticos... e depois, PAU NELES

Valndo 500 pontos; Ele e de esquerda ou de direita??? .....

http://www.psmag.com/blogs/news-blog/marijuana-buffers-pain-of-social-exclusion-57986/ Why smoke marijuana? Users would probably reply that numbed-out bliss is its own reward. But if smoothing out the harsh edges of reality is your goal, what bruises are you attempting to avoid? Newly published research suggests that, at least for some, the answer is: The intense discomfort of social exclusion. “Marijuana has been used to treat physical pain,” reports a research team led by University of Kentucky psychologist Timothy Deckman, “and the current findings suggest it may also reduce emotional pain.” Given the drug’s long-term health effects, “This may reflect a poor way of coping,” the researchers write in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, “but it may also explain some of the widespread appeal of marijuana.” Avoiding social pain by smoking pot is not unlike taking antacids to relieve stomach pain, as opposed to addressing its root cause. Deckman and his colleagues are building on two lines of recent research: One that shows the pain of social exclusion is more intense than we previously realized, and another revealing that physical pain and emotional pain travel similar pathways in the brain. A 2010 paper by C. Nathan DeWall, a co-author of this new study, found the use of acetaminophen (i.e., Tylenol) reduces the pain of social rejection. A much-publicized follow-up earlier this year found that use of that same painkiller can reduce existential angst. Since acetaminophen and marijuana work through similar brain receptors, the researchers wondered whether pot similarly softens the pain of exclusion. They describe four experiments providing evidence that indeed it does. The first incorporated data on 5,631 Americans, who reported their level of loneliness, described their marijuana usage (if any), and assessed their mental health and feelings of self-worth. Not surprisingly, the researchers found a relationship between loneliness and feelings of self-worth, but it was significantly weaker for regular pot smokers. “Marijuana use buffered the lonely from both negative self-worth and poor mental health,” the researchers write. Another experiment, featuring 537 people, found those who were experiencing social pain were less likely to have suffered a major depression in the past year if they smoked pot relatively frequently. Still another experiment, featuring 225 people, used the computer game Cyberball to create an immediate experience of social exclusion. Half the participants in the three-person game received the ball twice early on, and then never again during the course of the game. They then reacted to a series of statements designed to assess whether their need for self-esteem and belonging felt threatened—statements such as, “I had the feeling that the other players did not like me.” The results: Those who smoked marijuana relatively frequently felt less threatened than those who smoked it less frequently, or not at all. Together, these studies show that “marijuana use consistently buffered people from the negative consequences associated with loneliness and social exclusion,” Deckman and his colleagues conclude. But buffers are of limited usefulness. “Humans have a fundamental need to belong,” the researchers note. “Hurt feelings motivate us to fix our relationships and re-establish social connection.” In that sense, avoiding social pain by smoking pot is not unlike taking antacids to relieve stomach pain, as opposed to addressing its root cause (such as stress or obesity). It does work, at least for a while, but it’s also a way to avoid dealing with the underlying issue. In the long run, weed is a poor substitute for “we.”

oxi nao existe...

FOTOS JA!!!

Eu Tb num entendo, Talve pq sou ateu, mas depois de morto, qual a differenca da carnica de humano ou de porco??? Porra, outro dia me queimei torrando pao, e botei a mao na boca, gostinho de torresmo... Pega tudo e ferve... alias, tudo não... o segredo é num ser ganancioso... pega 4 e sai de miuda... o foda ficar fumando a msm coisa 4 kg direto...

pior que tao metendo nas clinicas so que qual a politica pra liberar... so para quem quer parar... quem quer pode ir pra clinica e ficar anos... que msm assim eles num param...